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By Diane Forrest
Have you ever put a large bill in a stamp machine at
your post office expecting it to kick out some one dollar bills in change only
to hear the clanking of coins in the change dropper? There is no need to fear, you are still getting
your proper change, but instead of bills, you are getting a dollar coin. These coins can be confusing, since they are
silver in color and about the size of a quarter. There is a difference though, instead of an
image of George Washington, there is a picture of a woman. This woman is Susan B. Anthony, the first of
only two women who have had their likeness engraved on United States currency,
the second being Sacagawea. Who was
Susan B. Anthony, and why was she important enough to have this honor bestowed
on her?
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In 1820 a Quaker family in Adams, Massachusetts gave
birth to Susan. She would later be known
for her role in fighting for women's right to vote. Susan began her career as a teacher. At age 26, Susan B. Anthony took the position
of head of the girls' department at Canajoharie Academy, her first paid
position. She taught there for two years, earning $110 a year. Anthony called for equal educational
opportunities for all regardless of race, and for all schools, colleges, and
universities to open their doors to women and ex-slaves. She also campaigned
for the right of children of ex-slaves to attend public schools. She made the claims that there was no
difference in the minds of girls and boys, and they should not be educated separately.
In the 1890s Anthony raised $50,000 in pledges to ensure the admittance of
women to the University of Rochester. In a last-minute effort to meet the
deadline she put up the cash value of her life insurance policy. The University
was forced to make good its promise and women were admitted for the first time
in 1900.
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During the same time she started her teaching career,
she became an agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society, arranging meetings,
making speeches, putting up posters, and distributing leaflets. She encountered
hostile mobs, armed threats, and things thrown at her. She was hung in effigy,
and in Syracuse her image was dragged through the streets. She went on to support and promote the 13th amendment
abolishing slavery.
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In 1868, as a delegate to the National Labor Congress,
Anthony persuaded the committee on female labor to call for votes for women and
equal pay for equal work, although the men at the conference deleted the
reference to the vote. She then began to
fight for women's right vigorously. In
1869 the suffrage movement split, with Anthony and Stanton's National
Association continuing to campaign for a constitutional amendment, and the
American Woman Suffrage Association adopting a strategy of getting the vote for
women on a state-by-state basis. Wyoming became the first territory to give
women the vote in 1869. She worked
tirelessly going from state to state fighting for the women's right to
vote. She was arrested numerous times;
however she was always freed to prevent her from being able to file appeals to
have her issues reported on a grander scale.
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In 1853 Anthony began to campaign for women's
property rights in New York state, speaking at meetings, collecting signatures
for petitions, and lobbying the state legislature. In 1860, largely as the
result of her efforts, the New York State Married Women's Property Bill became
law, allowing married women to own property, keep their own wages, and have
custody of their children.
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Susan B. Anthony died in 1906 at her home on Madison
Street in Rochester. All American adult women finally got the vote with the
Nineteenth Amendment, also known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment, in 1920.
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Susan B. Anthony never married, never had any
children, and spent her life fighting for the rights of women everywhere,
claiming that they deserved the right to vote, and the right to earn equal pay
for equal work, and the right to own property in their name, and have custody
of their children. She was the country's
first "Woman's Libber", and she deserves not only to have a coin
designed in her honor, but also this day, and the undying appreciation and
respect of women everywhere
